Clean Water Treatment Plant

Water treatment carried out by PDAM consists of several processes, such as water treatment in general. Each processing is carried out in a different reservoir. In general, there are six tanks in a clean water treatment system, namely raw water tanks, coagulation tanks, flocculation tanks, sedimentation tanks, filtration tanks, and clean water tanks/reservoirs. Each treatment tank has a different capacity and length of processing time. The pumps used in water treatment plants also have limited time to operate. Each of these interrelated components must be designed in such a way that it can treat raw water and produce clean water according to consumer needs.

Several researchers have conducted research on water treatment plants in different places. Research conducted usually evaluates the performance of water treatment plants, including (Arifiani and Hadiwidodo) who conduct water quality tests based on certain parameters. Wu and Mostafa used optimization theory in their research on water treatment plants in different ways. Wu uses optimization theory to design an optimal water treatment plant building, while Mostafa uses optimization theory to minimize the annual operating costs of a water treatment plant. To our knowledge, there are no researchers who have modeled the intended water treatment plant using a hybrid Petri net (HPN).

Modeling and analysis using HPN has been carried out by (Ghomri) by presenting a continuous Petri net model obtained from discrete Petri nets through the fluidification process in marking. Then two HPN models are presented for the problem of hybrid dynamic systems), namely the deterministic and non-deterministic models. HPN has also been used by (Gudino) to model and simulate water distribution systems. The proposed methodology for constructing HPN is to derive a set of mass equations and energy equations that determine the behavior of water distribution. A simulation technique to determine the firing speed of a transition is determined from the linear conservation of the energy equation. Based on this background, this research will construct the HPN model of a water treatment plant (IPA). HPN containing discrete and continuous sections was chosen because of its dynamics which is considered capable of modeling this problem. The token on the discrete part in the form of a positive integer will be used to describe the operating or non-operating state of the pump, while the marking on the continuous part in the form of a positive rational number will be used to describe the water capacity in the treatment tanks and the capacity of the treatment tanks. The HPN model from the IPA obtained will be analyzed using macro marking to determine the reachable state. Next, an example of a case using a timed HPN is given.

PDAM usually carry out physical and chemical treatment in the process of providing clean water. In general, there are 3 important parts in the processing system

Intakes

The intake building serves as the first building for the entry of water from the water source. In general, water sources for clean water treatment are taken from rivers. In the intake building there is a bar screen which functions to filter objects that are also submerged in the water. Furthermore, the water will enter into a tub which will later be pumped to the next building, namely the Water Treatment Plant (WTP).

Water Treatment Plant

Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is the main building for clean water treatment indonesia. Usually this building consists of four parts, namely: a coagulation tank, a flocculation tank, a sedimentation tank, and a filtration tank.

Reservoir

After the WTP and in the form of clear water, before being distributed, the water enters the reservoir. This reservoir functions as a temporary reservoir for clean water before it is distributed through pipes by gravity. Because most distributions use gravity, the reservoir is usually placed at a higher elevation than the place where the distribution is targeted. The combination of these water treatment units is called a Instalasi Pengelolaan Air (IPA). To save development costs, usually the intake, WTP, and reservoir are built in one area with a high enough height, so that a pumping station with a large pump capacity is not required to distribute water from the WTP to the reservoir. From the reservoir, clean water is ready to be distributed through pipes of various sizes to each distribution area